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Snuff film
A snuff film is defined by the ''American Heritage Dictionary'' as "a movie in a purported genre of movies in which an actor is actually murdered or commits suicide".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=snuff film )〕 It may include a motion picture genre that depicts the actual murder of a person or people, without the aid of special effects, for the express purpose of financial exploitation, but that detail is extraneous, so long as it is "circulated amongst a jaded few for the purpose of entertainment". Some filmed records of executions and murders exist but have not been released for commercial purposes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Barbara Mikkelson, "A Pinch of Snuff", Snopes.com, 31 Oct 2006, accessed 8 April 2007 )〕
==History==
The first recorded use of the term "snuff film" is in a 1971 book by Ed Sanders, ''The Family: The Story of Charles Manson's Dune Buggy Attack Battalion''. He alleges that The Manson Family was involved in making such a film in California to record their murders.〔
The metaphorical use of the term "snuff" to denote killing appears to be derived from a verb for extinguishing a candle. The word has been used as such in English slang for hundreds of years. John Camden Hotten lists the term in the fifth edition of his ''Slang Dictionary'' in 1874 as a "term very common among the lower orders of London, meaning to die from disease or accident". The word is descended (via the Middle English "snuffen" or "snuppen"〔Bible in Wycliffe tr. (i.e. 1384) ''Exodus'' xxv.38 "where the snoffes ben quenchid"; cf. xxxvii.23〕) from the Old English "snithan", meaning to slaughter and dismember, from "snide", meaning to kill by cutting or stabbing, from "snid", to cut.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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